forward deterrence

A man in a suit holds a wet umbrella colored like the French flag, standing in front of a blurred map of Europe.

Forward deterrence: What’s (not) in it for France’s partners

By Oliver Meier | Analysis, Nuclear Weapons

A French military jet flies above a French Air Force refueling aircraft in midair against a clear sky.

How France’s new nuclear doctrine strengthens NATO

By Etienne Marcuz | Analysis, Nuclear Weapons

A stealth bomber aircraft flies with landing gear extended, with snow-capped mountains and a blue sky in the background.

The misguided quest for nuclear weapons in Nordic countries

By Tytti Erästö, Vladislav Chernavskikh, Vitaly Fedchenko | Nuclear Weapons, Opinion

An overhead view of a submarine traveling on the surface of the ocean with a military jet flying nearby.

Does Macron’s nuclear upgrade mark the end of France’s ‘strict sufficiency’ principle?

By Astrid Chevreuil | Analysis, Nuclear Weapons

A man stands at a podium with French and European Union flags behind him, giving a speech in an industrial setting.

France has a new nuclear doctrine of ‘forward deterrence’ for Europe. What does it mean?

By Héloïse Fayet | Analysis, Nuclear Weapons