Michael C. Horowitz is an associate professor of political science and the associate director of Perry World House at the University of Pennsylvania. He is the co-author of Why Leaders Fight (2015) and the author of The Diffusion of Military Power: Causes and Consequences for International Politics (2010), which won awards from the Mershon Center for International Security Studies, the International Studies Association, and the Society of Policy Scientists. His research interests include military innovation, the future of war, the role of leaders in international politics, and forecasting.

Horowitz’ columns are part of a monthly series by Perry World House, the University of Pennsylvania’s hub for global engagement, on the implications of emerging technologies for global politics. Follow Perry World House at @perryworldhouse.