Science and Security Board

Lawrence Freedman

Previously the head of King College's School of Social Science and Public Policy, Freedman is now the school's vice principal of research. His work focuses on nuclear strategy and the Cold War. Awarded the Order of the British Empire in 1996, a year later, he was appointed official historian of the Falklands campaign.

Lt. Gen. Robert G. Gard Jr. (Ret.)

A consultant on international security and education, Gard served as president of the Monterey Institute of International Studies (1987-1998) and director of the Johns Hopkins University Bologna (Italy) Center (1982-1987). During a military career that spanned three decades, he was assistant to the secretary of defense (1966-1968) and president of the National Defense University (1977-1981).

Alexander Glaser

A member of the research staff at Princeton University's Program on Science and Global Security, Glaser also serves as associate editor of the program's eponymous journal. His research interests include nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament, the nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear energy, and nuclear forensics. In addition, he is a member of the International Panel on Fissile Material. As such, he has coedited many of the panel's reports.

James Hansen

Hansen is director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. He is also a professor of earth and environmental studies at Columbia University. His current research areas include radiative transfer in planetary atmospheres, modeling current climate trends, and projecting humans' potential impact on climate. He publishes prolifically and has won many awards, including the 2007 Leo Szilard Lectureship Award from the American Physical Society.

Tony Haymet

Haymet is director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. He is also the dean of the Graduate School of Marine Sciences at the University of San Diego. Additionally, he is co-founder and current vice chair of CleanTECH San Diego, a business organization devoted to solving the climate change problem.

Edward "Rocky" Kolb

The Arthur Holly Compton Distinguished Service Professor of Astronomy & Astrophysics at the University of Chicago, Kolb also serves as chair of the university's Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics. His research deals with the application of fundamental physics--in particular, particle physics and general relativity--to the very early universe. He is a member of the Enrico Fermi Institute and the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics.

Lawrence Korb (Vice-Chair)

The author of The Fall and Rise of the Pentagon, Korb is a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress. He was an assistant secretary of defense in the Reagan administration and is an expert on national security, arms control, and U.S. defense spending. The Defense Department has awarded him its Medal for Distinguished Public Service.

Lawrence Krauss

Krauss is the inaugural director of the Origins Initiative at Arizona State University and foundation professor at ASU's School of Earth and Space Exploration and Physics Department. In addition to writing the best-seller, The Physics of Star Trek, Krauss has written six other books, including Fear of Physics and the science epic Atom: An Odyssey from the Big Bang to Life on Earth…and Beyond. He also frequently writes commentary for New Scientist magazine.

Leon Lederman

An internationally renowned high-energy physicist, Lederman is director emeritus of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois, and holds an appointment as the Pritzker Professor of Science at the Illinois Institute of Technology. Among his many honors are the Nobel Prize in Physics, the National Medal of Science, and the Enrico Fermi Prize awarded by President Bill Clinton.

Allison Macfarlane (Chair)

An associate professor of environmental science and policy at George Mason University, Macfarlane is also an affiliate of MIT's Program in Science, Technology, and Society and Harvard University's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. She edited Uncertainty Underground: Yucca Mountain and the Nation's High-Level Nuclear Waste, a book that considers the scientific uncertainties in nuclear waste disposal.

Thomas R. Pickering

The co-chair of the International Crisis Group, Pickering served as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations (1989-1992), India (1992-1993), and Russia (1993-1996). In 1983 and in 1986, Pickering won the Distinguished Presidential Award; in 1996, he earned the State Department's Distinguished Service Award. He retired from the Foreign Service in 2001.

Ramamurti "Doug" Rajaraman

Rajaraman is an emeritus professor of physics at Jawaharlal Nehru University and a co-chair of the International Panel on Fissile Materials. His research areas include particle physics, quantum field theory, and solitons. He has written about fissile material production in India and Pakistan and the radiological effects of nuclear weapon accidents.

M. V. Ramana

A physicist, Ramana is senior fellow at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Environment and Development in Bangalore, India. His expertise is in the Indian nuclear weapons and energy programs, disarmament, and the storage and disposition of nuclear materials. A member of the International Panel on Fissile Material, he is currently examining the economic viability and environmental impacts of the Indian nuclear power program.

Thomas Rosenbaum

An expert on the quantum mechanical nature of materials, Rosenbaum is provost of the University of Chicago. He has been the university's James Franck Professor of Physics and the vice president of Argonne National Laboratory. His honors include an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship, a Presidential Young Investigator Award, and the William McMillan Award for Outstanding Contributions to Condensed Matter Physics.

Robert Rosner

Rosner is the William E. Wrather Distinguished Service Professor in the departments of Astronomy and Astrophysics and Physics at the University of Chicago. Rosner recently stepped down as Director of Argonne National Laboratory, where he had also served as Chief Scientist. His research is mostly in the areas of plasma astrophysics and astrophysical fluid dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics (including especially solar and stellar magnetic fields); high energy density physics; boundary mixing instabilities; combustion modeling; applications of stochastic differential equations and optimization problems; and inverse methods

Robert Socolow

Socolow is the codirector of Princeton University's Carbon Mitigation Initiative, under which he has helped launch new, coordinated research in environmental science, energy technology, geological engineering, and public policy. His research interests include global carbon management, the hydrogen economy, and fossil-carbon sequestration. He is a fellow of both the American Physical Society and American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Jonathan B. Tucker

Tucker is a senior fellow specializing in biological and chemical weapons issues at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. Tucker previously worked on arms control and nonproliferation issues at the State Department, Office of Technology Assessment, and the Arms Control & Disarmament Agency. He also served as a U.N. biological weapons inspector in Iraq.