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Appendix B: Deployments by Country, 1951-1977

Nuclear Notebook: A history of nuclear deployments To download a free PDF of this complete article, click this link. To read an authoritative accounting of world nuclear arsenals, click here for all Nuclear Notebook columns. The Nuclear Notebook is researched and written by William M. Arkin and Robert S. Norris of the Nuclear Information Project … Continued

World Plutonium Inventories

Nuclear Notebook: How much plutonium has been stockpiled by nuclear nations? To download a free PDF of this complete article, click this link. To read an authoritative accounting of world nuclear arsenals, click here for all Nuclear Notebook columns. The Nuclear Notebook is researched and written by William M. Arkin and Robert S. Norris of … Continued

French and British Nuclear Forces, 1999

Nuclear Notebook: How many nuclear weapons does the United Kingdom and France have? To download a free PDF of this complete article, click this link. To read an authoritative accounting of world nuclear arsenals, click here for all Nuclear Notebook columns. The Nuclear Notebook is researched and written by William M. Arkin and Robert S. … Continued

Chinese Nuclear Forces, 1999

Nuclear Notebook: How many nuclear weapons does China have? To download a free PDF of this complete article, click this link. To read an authoritative accounting of world nuclear arsenals, click here for all Nuclear Notebook columns. The Nuclear Notebook is researched and written by William M. Arkin and Robert S. Norris of the Nuclear … Continued

Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces, End of 1998

Nuclear Notebook: How many nuclear weapons does Russia have? To download a free PDF of this complete article, click this link. To read an authoritative accounting of world nuclear arsenals, click here for all Nuclear Notebook columns. The Nuclear Notebook is researched and written by William M. Arkin and Robert S. Norris of the Nuclear … Continued

U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces, End of 1998

Nuclear Notebook: How many nuclear weapons does the United States have? To download a free PDF of this complete article, click this link. To read an authoritative accounting of world nuclear arsenals, click here for all Nuclear Notebook columns. The Nuclear Notebook is researched and written by William M. Arkin and Robert S. Norris of … Continued
Minuteman III missile in silo

United States nuclear forces, 2020

The US nuclear arsenal remained roughly unchanged in the last year, with the Defense Department maintaining an estimated stockpile of approximately 3,800 warheads. Of these, only 1,750 warheads are deployed.

Nuclear Roundup: 11/1/2017

A daily roundup of quality nuclear policy news. North Korea South Korea’s Moon says cannot recognize North Korea as nuclear state Exclusive: US pursues direct diplomacy with North Korea despite Trump rejection North Korea’s plenty scary without an overhyped EMP threat Report: North Korea runs hospital to treat nuclear radiation patients Dems tout bill aimed at … Continued

Chinese nuclear weapons, 2024

China is one of the fastest-growing nuclear arsenals among the nine nuclear-armed states. We estimate that China now possesses roughly 500 nuclear warheads, with more in production.

How my Gen Z students learned to start worrying and dismantle the Bomb

A life-long opponent of nuclear weapons—raised during the Cold War—reflects on intergenerational lessons about activism, and teaching college students to embrace their curiosity, and their fear, on the way to saving the world.

How Chinese military aid to Russia could lead to a strategic reversal of nuclear forces

Russia may try to buy massive amounts of Chinese weapons by transferring weapons-grade plutonium—a deal that would have severe, long-term strategic consequences.

Decision to keep nuclear weapons data classified hurts US national security

Hans Kristensen explains why it is more dangerous for the United States to keep the 2018 nuclear stockpile data classified then it is to make it public.
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On the 20th anniversary of the 1998 nuclear tests by India and Pakistan

Here, guest editors Zia Mian and M.V. Ramana select a few of the many articles on nuclear South Asia that have been published by the Bulletin.

New digital journal: Security at sea, and under it

In their article on China’s security agenda in the South China Sea, experts John Lewis and Xue Litai quote Chinese president Xi Jinping: “History and experience tell us that a country will rise if it commands the oceans well and will fall if it surrenders them.” This special issue of the Bulletin of the Atomic … Continued

The anatomy of a STRATCOM disinfographic

When United States Strategic Command posted an infographic about nuclear weapons on Twitter, the Bulletin took careful note. The graphic is confused—not only about when to use bold typeface, but also about the facts.
India's INS Vela submarine

India is building nuclear submarines and ICBMs. That’s a $14 billion mistake.

India is pursuing nuclear-armed submarines and ICBMs. It could save money, bolster its global image, and still credibly deter its rivals by doubling down on its existing missile forces instead.

Russian nuclear weapons, 2024

Russia is modernizing all its Soviet-era nuclear-capable systems. We estimate that Russia now possesses about 4,380 nuclear warheads.

Introduction: Nuclear testing in the 21st century—legacies, tensions, and risks

Moscow and Washington say they won't resume nuclear testing. But despite what officials say, some evidence could suggest otherwise.

Pakistan nuclear weapons, 2023

Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal is estimated to currently include approximately 170 warheads. It could realistically grow to around 200 by 2025 at the current growth rate.

Thank you, Stan Norris

The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists extends its congratulations and heartfelt thanks to Dr. Robert Standish Norris for 31 years of exceptional service. Norris is retiring from his duties as co-author of the Nuclear Notebook, the Bulletin’s authoritative accounting of world nuclear arsenals, compiled by top experts from the Federation of American Scientists. Stan Norris has been researching and preparing the Bulletin’s … Continued