Alsan, M., Atella, V., Bhattacharya, J., Conti, V., Mejía-Guevara, I., and Miller, G. 2019. “Reductions in Mortality Rates and Health Disparities with the Introduction of Penicillin,” Summary of working paper 25541. National Bureau of Economic Research. July 1. https://www.nber.org/bh-20192/reductions-mortality-rates-and-health-disparities-introduction-penicillin.
Cesaro, A., Hoffman, S.C., Das, P., and de la Fuente-Nunez, C. 2025. “Challenges and applications of artificial intelligence in infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance.” NPT Antimicrobials and Resistance 3, no. 2. January 7. 0.1038/s44259-024-00068-x. https://www.nature.com/articles/s44259-024-00068-x#citeas
Santos-Júnior, C., Torres, M.D., Duan, Y., Huerta-Cepas, J., Schmidt, T.S., Chong, H.H., Fullam, A., et al. 2024. “Discovery of antimicrobial peptides in the global microbiome with machine learning.” Cell 187, no. 14. July 11: 3761-3778. 10.5281/zenodo.11055585. https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(24)00522-1
GBD 2021 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. 2024. “Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050.” The Lancet 404, no. 10459. September 28: 1199-1226. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)01867-1/fulltext
Maasch, J.R., Torres, M.D., Melo, M.C., and de la Fuente-Nunez, C. 2023. “Molecular de-extinction of ancient antimicrobial peptides enabled by machine learning.” Cell Host & Microbe 31, no. 8. August 9: 1260-1274. 10.1016/j.chom.2023.07.001. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931312823002962
McKenna, M. 2011. Superbug: The Fatal Menace of MRSA. New York: Free Press.
Philo, S.E., De León, K.B., Noble, R.T., Zhou, N.A., Alghafri, R., Bar-Or, I., Darling, A., D’Souza, N., et al. 2023. “Wastewater surveillance for bacterial targets: current challenges and future goals.” Applied and Environmental Biology15, no. 90. December 15: 1428-23. 10.1128/aem.01428-23. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10807411/
Podolsky, S.H. 2006. Pneumonia before antibiotics: therapeutic evolution and evaluation in twentieth-century America.Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Rex, John, and Damiano de Felice. 2025. “Italy delivers a national pull incentive.” AMR. Solutions. January 9. https://amr.solutions/2025/01/09/italy-delivers-a-national-pull-incentive-with-a-budget-of-eur-100-million-a-year/
Rhoads, J. 2014. “The Medical Context of Calvin Jr.’s Untimely Death.” Calvin Coolidge Presidential Foundation. July 7. https://coolidgefoundation.org/blog/the-medical-context-of-calvin-jr-s-untimely-death/.
Shapell, B., and Willen, S. 2017. “Calvin Coolidge Jr.’s Death.” Shapell Manuscripts Foundation. July 6. https://www.shapell.org/historical-perspectives/between-the-lines/death-calvin-coolidge-jr/.
Sweeney, C. 2021. “Artificial Intelligence’s Promise and Peril.” Harvard Public Health Magazine. September 29. https://harvardpublichealth.org/alumni-post/artificial-intelligences-promise-and-peril/
The Royal Family Channel. 2024. “Prince William Calls for Action To Create Better Access to Vaccines.” The Royal Family Channel. May 16. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qaMCPusxQGg
Thomas, D., and Wessel, C. 2022. “The State of Innovation in Antibacterial Therapeutics.” Biotechnology Innovation Organization. February 14. https://www.bio.org/sites/default/files/2022-02/The-State-of-Innovation-in-Antibacterial-Therapeutics.pdf
Torres, M.D., Cesaro, A. and de la Fuente-Nunez, C. “Peptides from non-immune proteins target infections through antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties.” Trends Biotechnology. 2025 Jan; 43(1):184-205. 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.09.008. https://www.cell.com/trends/biotechnology/fulltext/S0167-7799(24)00251-8
Torres, M.D., Brooks, E.F., Cesaro, A., Nicolaou, C., Bhatt, A.S., Sberro, H., Gill, M.O., and de la Fuente-Nunez, C. 2024. “Mining human microbiomes reveals an untapped source of peptide antibiotics.” Cell 187, no. 19. September 19: 5453-5467. 10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.027. https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(24)00802-X
Torres, M.D., Melo, M.C., Flowers, L., Crescenzi, O., Notomista, E., and de la Fuente-Nunez, C. 2021. “Mining for encrypted peptide antibiotics in the human proteome.” Nature Biomedical Engineering 6. November 4: 67-75. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-021-00801-1
UK Parliament. 2024. “ ‘Netflix’ for antimicrobials: The Antimicrobial Products Subscription Model.” House of Commons Library. September 18. https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/netflix-for-antimicrobials-the-antimicrobial-products-subscription-model/.
Wan, F., Torres, M.D., Peng, J., and de la Fuente-Nunez, C. 2024. “Deep-learning-enabled antibiotic discovery through molecular de-extinction.” Nature Biomedical Engineering 8. June: 854-871.10.1038/s41551-024-01201-x. June 11. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-024-01201-x
World Health Organization. 2023. “2023 Antibacterial agents in clinical and preclinical development: an overview and analysis.” June 14. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240094000
