Abiri, G. 2025. “Mutually Assured Deregulation.” Stanford Technology Law Review. August 19. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5394963.
Altman, S. 2025. “Reflections.” January 5. Sam Altman. https://blog.samaltman.com/reflections.
Anthropic. 2025. “Activating AI Safety Level 3 Protections.” May 22. Anthropic. https://www.anthropic.com/news/activating-asl3-protections.
Belfield, H., and C. Ruhl. 2022. “Why Policy Makers Should Beware Claims of New ‘Arms Races’.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. July 14. https://thebulletin.org/2022/07/why-policy-makers-should-beware-claims-of-new-arms-races/.
Center for AI Policy. 2024. “AI Safety and the US–China Arms Race.” October 29. Center for AI Policy. https://www.centeraipolicy.org/work/ai-safety-and-the-us-china-arms-race.
Center for AI Safety. 2023. “Statement on AI Risk.” https://aistatement.com.
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. 2025. “International AI Safety Report 2025: Risks from Malicious Use.” January. AI Safety Institute. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/international-ai-safety-report-2025/international-ai-safety-report-2025#risks-from-malicious-use.
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. 2025. “International AI Safety Report 2025.” January. AI Safety Institute. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/international-ai-safety-report-2025/international-ai-safety-report-2025.
Gholipour, B. 2025 “How the Striking of a GOP Regulatory Ban Will Affect the Global Artificial Intelligence Race.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, July 3. https://thebulletin.org/2025/07/how-the-striking-of-a-gop-regulatory-ban-will-affect-the-global-artificial-intelligence-race/#post-heading.
Hassabis, D. 2025. “AI bosses on what keeps them up at night.” February 18. The Economist. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4poqjZlM8Lo.
Henshall, W. 2023. “How Politics and Business Are Driving the AI Arms Race with China.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. May 12. https://thebulletin.org/2023/05/how-politics-and-business-are-driving-the-ai-arms-race-with-china/.
Kasirzadeh, A. 2025. “Two Types of AI Existential Risk: Decisive and Accumulative.” January 17. arXiv.2401.07836. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.07836.
Kelly, D. 2025. “The next 24 months in AI could shape the next 100 years.” August 1. FEDSCOOP. https://fedscoop.com/america-china-ai-race-trump-action-plan/.
Klein, E. 2025 “The Ezra Klein Podcast: Ben Buchanan on the Future of Political Violence.” The New York Times, March 4. https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/04/opinion/ezra-klein-podcast-ben-buchanan.html.
Kokotajlo, D., S. Alexander, T. Larsen, E. Lifland, and R. Dean. 2025. “AI 2027.” April 3. https://ai-2027.com
Kulveit, J., R. Douglas, N. Ammann, D. Turan, D. Krueger, and D. Duvenaud. 2025. “Gradual Disempowerment: Systemic Existential Risks from Incremental AI Development.” January 29. arXiv: 2501.16946. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.16946.
Lichtenberg, N. 2025. “Spending on AI data centers is so massive that it’s taken a bigger chunk of GDP growth than shopping—and it could crash the American economy.” Fortune. August 6. https://fortune.com/2025/08/06/data-center-artificial-intelligence-bubble-consumer-spending-economy/
Leading the Future. 2025. “AI Industry Launches ‘Leading the Future’ to Drive U.S. AI Leadership, Economic Growth, National Security, and Innovation.” August 25. PR Newswire. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ai-industry-launches-leading-the-future-to-drive-us-ai-leadership-economic-growth-national-security-and-innovation-302537548.html.
Lushenko, P. 2023. “AI & the future of WARFARE.” November 29. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. https://thebulletin.org/2023/11/ai-and-the-future-of-warfare-the-troubling-evidence-from-the-us-military/.
Narayanan, A., & Kapoor, S. 2025. “AI as normal technology.” April 15. Knight First Amendment Institute. https://kfai-documents.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/0ee1da899a/AI-as-Normal-Technology—Narayanan—Kapoor-Final.pdf.
Ó hÉigeartaigh, Seán. 2025. “The Most Dangerous Fiction: The Rhetoric and Reality of the AI Race.” June 3 SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5278644.
OpenAI. 2024. “Influence and Cyber Operations: An Update.” October. OpenAI. https://cdn.openai.com/threat-intelligence-reports/influence-and-cyber-operations-an-update_October-2024.pdf.
OpenAI. 2025. “OpenAI o3‑mini System Card.” January 31. OpenAI. https://openai.com/index/o3-mini-system-card/.
OpenAI. 2025. “Preparing for Future AI Capabilities in Biology.” January 18. OpenAI. https://openai.com/index/preparing-for-future-ai-capabilities-in-biology/.
Perrigo, B. 2024. “Exclusive: U.S. Voters Value Safe AI Development Over Racing Against China, Poll Shows.” July 8. Time. https://time.com/6996090/ai-china-american-voters-poll/.
Sacks, D. 2025. “The AI race is on, and the U.S. must lead.” X, March 14. https://x.com/DavidSacks/status/1949250673775665273.
Shanghai AI Lab and Concordia AI. 2025. “Frontier AI Risk Management Framework v1.0 (English).” July. Concordia AI. https://concordia-ai.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Frontier-AI-Risk-Management-Framework-v1.0-en.pdf.
Special Competitive Studies Project. 2025. “Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): Big Ideas to Ensure America Wins the AGI Competition with China. January.” https://www.scsp.ai/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/AGI-Memo.pdf.
US-China Economic and Security Review Commission. 2024 Executive Summary. November. USCC. https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/2024-11/2024_Executive_Summary.pdf.
VandeHei, J., and M. Allen. 2025. “Behind the Curtain: A Chilling, ‘Catastrophic’ Warning.” Axios, January 18. https://www.axios.com/2025/01/18/biden-sullivan-ai-race-trump-china.
White House. 2025. “America’s AI Action Plan.” July. White House. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Americas-AI-Action-Plan.pdf.