European security

An icebreaker ship navigates through a cracked, frozen sea with scattered equipment and tents visible on the ice.

Climate change exacerbates nuclear risks in the Arctic. And we are not ready

By Nikita Gryazin, Iren Marinova | Analysis, Climate Change, European Security Outlook, Nuclear Risk

A man in a suit holds a wet umbrella colored like the French flag, standing in front of a blurred map of Europe.

Forward deterrence: What’s (not) in it for France’s partners

By Oliver Meier | Analysis, Nuclear Weapons

An F-35A fighter jet releases a B61-12 dummy nuclear bomb mid-flight against a clear blue sky.

Is London shifting from nuclear deterrence to war-fighting?

By S.M. Amadae, Tom Stevenson | Analysis, Nuclear Weapons

A French military jet flies above a French Air Force refueling aircraft in midair against a clear sky.

How France’s new nuclear doctrine strengthens NATO

By Etienne Marcuz | Analysis, Nuclear Weapons

Three officials sit at a desk during a formal meeting inside the General Assembly hall of the UN headquarters in New York; the center figure labeled "President" holds a gavel, with "Secretary-General" seated to the left.

Proposals for a brighter NPT Review Conference in times of nonproliferation darkness

By Jan Hoekema | European Security Outlook, Nuclear Weapons, Opinion

A stealth bomber aircraft flies with landing gear extended, with snow-capped mountains and a blue sky in the background.

The misguided quest for nuclear weapons in Nordic countries

By Tytti Erästö, Vladislav Chernavskikh, Vitaly Fedchenko | Nuclear Weapons, Opinion

An overhead view of a submarine traveling on the surface of the ocean with a military jet flying nearby.

Does Macron’s nuclear upgrade mark the end of France’s ‘strict sufficiency’ principle?

By Astrid Chevreuil | Analysis, Nuclear Weapons

A man stands at a podium with French and European Union flags behind him, giving a speech in an industrial setting.

France has a new nuclear doctrine of ‘forward deterrence’ for Europe. What does it mean?

By Héloïse Fayet | Analysis, Nuclear Weapons

Eight yellow jets fly in formation against a blue sky, representing the European Union flag and leaving yellow smoke trails behind them.

Europe’s desire for strategic autonomy is a ‘fait accompli.’ It just needs to decide what that means

By François Diaz-Maurin | Nuclear Weapons

A missile with extended wings flies above a forested landscape under a partly cloudy sky.

What the end of New START means for Europe: Two views

By Angela Kane, Héloïse Fayet | European Security Outlook, Nuclear Weapons

Two presenters in formal attire stand on stage holding notes in front of an audience, with a dark abstract backdrop behind them.

In Munich, Europe tries to strike a balance: “We need a more European NATO.”

By François Diaz-Maurin | Nuclear Weapons

Four people sit around a table in discussion, with glasses of water and a phone on the table; framed pictures and a window are in the background.

The “Donroe Doctrine” moved to the Arctic. Europe must now redefine burden sharing

By Roderich Kiesewetter | European Security Outlook, Nuclear Risk